BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.

Usage: busybox [function [arguments]...]
or: busybox --list[-full]
or: busybox --install [-s] [DIR]
or: function [arguments]...

BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.

Currently defined functions:
[, [[, ar, arch, arp, arping, ascii, ash, awk, base32, base64,
basename, bbconfig, bc, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, brctl,
bunzip2, bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown,
chpst, chroot, chrt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crc32,
crond, crontab, cut, date, dc, dd, diff, dirname, dmesg,
dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du, echo, ed, egrep, env, envdir, expand,
expr, factor, fallocate, false, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, flock,
fold, free, fstrim, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt,
grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, hd, head, hexdump, hexedit, hostname,
httpd, hwclock, id, ifconfig, inotifyd, install, ionice, iostat,
ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, iplink, ipneigh, iproute, iprule, iptunnel,
kill, killall, killall5, less, link, linux32, linux64, ln, losetup,
ls, lsattr, lsof, lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat,
makemime, md5sum, mkdir, mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2,
mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkswap, mktemp, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat,
mv, nc, netcat, netstat, nice, nl, nmeter, nohup, nproc, nsenter,
od, paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, pipe_progress, pivot_root,
pkill, pmap, popmaildir, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd,
pwdx, rdate, readlink, realpath, reformime, renice, reset, resize,
rev, rfkill, rm, rmdir, route, run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, rx,
script, scriptreplay, sed, sendmail, seq, setarch, setsid,
setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf,
sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort, split, start-stop-daemon, stat,
strings, stty, sum, sv, svlogd, switch_root, sync, sysctl, tac,
tail, tar, tc, tcpsvd, tee, telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd,
time, timeout, top, touch, tr, traceroute, tree, true, truncate,
tsort, tty, ttysize, tunctl, tune2fs, udpsvd, umount, uname,
uncompress, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unlzop,
unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig,
vi, watch, wc, wget, which, whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat,
yes, zcat

EXTENDED VER. COMMANDS EXAPANDS

BUSYBOX(1) busybox BUSYBOX(1)

NAME
BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux

SYNTAX
busybox [arguments...] # or

[arguments...] # if symlinked

DESCRIPTION
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a
single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most
of the utilities you usually find in GNU coreutils, util-linux, etc.
The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-
featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide
the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU
counterparts.

BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources
in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or
exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to
customize your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add
/dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel. BusyBox provides a fairly complete
POSIX environment for any small or embedded system.

BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or
'make menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable.
Then run 'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.

After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to
install BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the
target directory specified by CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX can be set
when configuring BusyBox, or you can specify an alternative location at
install time (i.e., with a command line like 'make
CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled any applet
installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will also
be installed in the location pointed to by CONFIG_PREFIX.

USAGE
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable
program that performs the same job as more than one utility program.
That means there is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single
binary acts like a large number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to
be smaller since all the built-in utility programs (we call them
applets) can share code for many common operations.

You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
command line. For example, entering

/bin/busybox ls

will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.

Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful.
So most people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.

For example, entering

ln -s /bin/busybox ls
./ls

will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been
compiled into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to
make all these links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this
for you when you run the 'make install' command.

If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a
list of the applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.

COMMON OPTIONS
Most BusyBox applets support the --help argument to provide a terse
runtime description of their behavior. If the
CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE option has been enabled, more detailed
usage information will also be available.

COMMANDS
Currently available applets include:

[, [[, ar, arch, arp, arping, ascii, ash, awk, base32, base64,
basename, bbconfig, bc, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, brctl, bunzip2,
bzcat, bzip2, cal, cat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpst, chroot,
chrt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, cp, cpio, crc32, crond, crontab, cut,
date, dc, dd, diff, dirname, dmesg, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, du,
echo, ed, egrep, env, envdir, expand, expr, factor, fallocate,
false, fdisk, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, fstrim, fsync,
ftpd, ftpget, ftpput, fuser, getopt, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, hd,
head, hexdump, hexedit, hostname, httpd, hwclock, id, ifconfig,
inotifyd, install, ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, iplink,
ipneigh, iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kill, killall, killall5, less,
link, linux32, linux64, ln, losetup, ls, lsattr, lsof, lspci,
lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, lzopcat, makemime, md5sum, mkdir,
mkdosfs, mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkswap,
mktemp, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat, mv, nc, netcat, netstat,
nice, nl, nmeter, nohup, nproc, nsenter, od, paste, patch, pgrep,
pidof, ping, pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap, popmaildir,
printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx, rdate, readlink,
realpath, reformime, renice, reset, resize, rev, rfkill, rm, rmdir,
route, run-parts, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script, scriptreplay, sed,
sendmail, seq, setarch, setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum,
sha3sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort,
split, start-stop-daemon, stat, strings, stty, sum, sv, svlogd,
switch_root, sync, sysctl, tac, tail, tar, tc, tcpsvd, tee, telnet,
telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr,
traceroute, tree, true, truncate, tsort, tty, ttysize, tunctl,
tune2fs, udpsvd, umount, uname, uncompress, unexpand, uniq,
unix2dos, unlink, unlzma, unlzop, unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime,
usleep, uudecode, uuencode, vconfig, vi, watch, wc, wget, which,
whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
ar ar x|p|t|r [-ov] ARCHIVE [FILE]...

Extract or list FILEs from an ar archive, or create it

x Extract
p Extract to stdout
t List
r Create
-o Restore mtime
-v Verbose

arch
arch

Print system architecture

arp arp [-vn] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -a [HOSTNAME] [-v] [-i IF]
-d HOSTNAME [pub] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR
[temp] [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -s HOSTNAME HWADDR [netmask
MASK] pub [-v] [-H HWTYPE] [-i IF] -Ds HOSTNAME IFACE [netmask
MASK] pub

Manipulate ARP cache

-a Display (all) hosts
-d Delete ARP entry
-s Set new entry
-v Verbose
-n Don't resolve names
-i IF Network interface
-D Read HWADDR from IFACE
-A,-p AF Protocol family
-H HWTYPE Hardware address type

arping
arping [-fqbDUA] [-c CNT] [-w TIMEOUT] [-I IFACE] [-s SRC_IP]
DST_IP

Send ARP requests/replies

-f Quit on first ARP reply
-q Quiet
-b Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies
-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply
-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
DST_IP Target IP address

ash ash [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] |
FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]

Unix shell interpreter

awk awk [OPTIONS] [AWK_PROGRAM] [FILE]...

-v VAR=VAL Set variable
-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
-f FILE Read program from FILE
-e AWK_PROGRAM

base32
base32 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]

Base32 encode or decode FILE to standard output

-d Decode data
-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)

base64
base64 [-d] [-w COL] [FILE]

Base64 encode or decode FILE to standard output

-d Decode data
-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)

basename
basename FILE [SUFFIX] | -a FILE... | -s SUFFIX FILE...

Strip directory path and SUFFIX from FILE

-a All arguments are FILEs
-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies -a)

bbconfig
bbconfig

Print the config file used by busybox build

bc bc [-sqlw] [FILE]...

Arbitrary precision calculator

-q Quiet
-l Load standard library
-s Be POSIX compatible
-w Warn if extensions are used

$BC_LINE_LENGTH changes output width

blkdiscard
blkdiscard [-o OFS] [-l LEN] [-s] DEVICE

Discard sectors on DEVICE

-o OFS Byte offset into device
-l LEN Number of bytes to discard
-s Perform a secure discard

blkid
blkid [BLOCKDEV]...

Print UUIDs of all filesystems

blockdev
blockdev OPTION BLOCKDEV

--setro Set ro
--setrw Set rw
--getro Get ro
--getss Get sector size
--getbsz Get block size
--setbsz BYTES Set block size
--getsz Get device size in 512-byte sectors
--getsize64 Get device size in bytes
--getra Get readahead in 512-byte sectors
--setra SECTORS Set readahead
--flushbufs Flush buffers
--rereadpt Reread partition table

brctl
brctl COMMAND [BRIDGE [ARGS]]

Manage ethernet bridges Commands:

show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges
addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses
showstp BRIDGE Show STP info
stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off
setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time
setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay
sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time
setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age
setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority
setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost

bunzip2
bunzip2 [-cfk] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

bzcat
bzcat [FILE]...

Decompress to stdout

bzip2
bzip2 [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...

Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm

-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

cal cal [-jmy] [[MONTH] YEAR]

Display a calendar

-j Use julian dates
-m Week starts on Monday
-y Display the entire year

cat cat [-nbvteA] [FILE]...

Print FILEs to stdout

-n Number output lines
-b Number nonempty lines
-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x
-t ...and tabs as ^I
-e ...and end lines with $
-A Same as -vte

chattr
chattr [-R] [-v VERSION] [-p PROJID] [-+=AacDdijsStTu] FILE...

Change ext2 file attributes

-R Recurse
-v NUM Set version/generation number
-p NUM Set project number
Modifiers:

-,+,= Remove/add/set attributes
Attributes:

A No atime
a Append only
C No copy-on-write
c Compressed
D Synchronous dir updates
d Don't backup with dump
E Encrypted
e File uses extents
F Case-insensitive dir
I Indexed dir
i Immutable
j Write data to journal first
N File is stored in inode
P Hierarchical project ID dir
S Synchronous file updates
s Zero storage when deleted
T Top of dir hierarchy
t Don't tail-merge with other files
u Allow undelete
V Verity

chgrp
chgrp [-RhLHPcvf]... GROUP FILE...

Change the group membership of FILEs to GROUP

-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors

chmod
chmod [-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... FILE...

MODE is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or
[ugoa]{+|-|=}[rwxXst]

-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors

chown
chown [-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[GRP]] FILE...

Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to USER and/or GRP

-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
-P Don't traverse symlinks (default)
-R Recurse
-c List changed files
-v Verbose
-f Hide errors

chpst
chpst [-vP012] [-u USER[:GRP]] [-U USER[:GRP]] [-e DIR] [-/
DIR] [-n NICE] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-f BYTES] [-c
BYTES] PROG ARGS

Change the process state, run PROG

-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid
-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment
-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files
in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
-/ DIR Chroot to DIR
-n NICE Add NICE to nice value
-m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
-d BYTES Limit data segment
-o N Limit number of open files per process
-p N Limit number of processes per uid
-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
-c BYTES Limit core file size
-v Verbose
-P Create new process group
-0 Close stdin
-1 Close stdout
-2 Close stderr

chroot
chroot NEWROOT [PROG ARGS]

Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

chrt
chrt -m | -p [PRIO] PID | [-rfobi] PRIO PROG ARGS

Change scheduling priority and class for a process

-m Show min/max priorities
-p Operate on PID
-r Set SCHED_RR class
-f Set SCHED_FIFO class
-o Set SCHED_OTHER class
-b Set SCHED_BATCH class
-i Set SCHED_IDLE class

cksum
cksum FILE...

Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs

clear
clear

Clear screen

cmp cmp [-ls] [-n NUM] FILE1 [FILE2 [SKIP1 [SKIP2]]]

Compare FILE1 with FILE2 (or stdin)

-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
for all differing bytes
-s Quiet
-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes

comm
comm [-123] FILE1 FILE2

Compare FILE1 with FILE2

-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
-3 Suppress lines common to both files

cp cp [-arPLHpfinlsTu] SOURCE DEST or: cp [-arPLHpfinlsu] SOURCE... {
-t DIRECTORY | DIRECTORY }

Copy SOURCEs to DEST

-a Same as -dpR
-R,-r Recurse
-d,-P Preserve symlinks (default if -R)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-p Preserve file attributes if possible
-f Overwrite
-i Prompt before overwrite
-n Don't overwrite
-l,-s Create (sym)links
-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory
-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR
-u Copy only newer files

cpio
cpio [-dmvu] [-F FILE] [-R USER[:GRP]] [-H newc] [-tio] [-p DIR]
[EXTR_FILE]...

Extract (-i) or list (-t) files from a cpio archive, or take file
list from stdin and create an archive (-o) or copy files (-p)

Main operation mode:

-t List
-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all)
-o Create (requires -H newc)
-p DIR Copy files to DIR
Options:

-H newc Archive format
-d Make leading directories
-m Restore mtime
-v Verbose
-u Overwrite
-F FILE Input (-t,-i,-p) or output (-o) file
-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files
-L Dereference symlinks
-0 NUL terminated input
--ignore-devno
--renumber-inodes

crc32
crc32 FILE...

Calculate CRC32 checksum of FILEs

crond
crond [-fbS] [-l N] [-d N] [-L LOGFILE] [-c DIR]

-f Foreground
-b Background (default)
-S Log to syslog (default)
-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8
-d N Set log level, log to stderr
-L FILE Log to FILE
-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/var/spool/cron/crontabs

crontab
crontab [-c DIR] [-u USER] [-ler]|[FILE]

-c Crontab directory
-u User
-l List crontab
-e Edit crontab
-r Delete crontab
FILE Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)

cut cut [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout

-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
-d SEP Field delimiter for input (default -f TAB, -F run of whitespace)
-O SEP Field delimeter for output (default = -d for -f, one space for -F)
-D Don't sort/collate sections or match -fF lines without delimeter
-f LIST Print only these fields (-d is single char)
-F LIST Print only these fields (-d is regex)
-s Output only lines containing delimiter
-n Ignored

date
date [OPTIONS] [+FMT] [[-s] TIME]

Display time (using +FMT), or set time

-u Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
[-s] TIME Set time to TIME
-d TIME Display TIME, not 'now'
-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for -s/-d TIME conversion
-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
-R Output RFC-2822 date
-I[SPEC] Output ISO-8601 date
SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns

Recognized TIME formats:

@seconds_since_1970
hh:mm[:ss]
[YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
[[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
'date TIME' form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead

dc dc [-x] [-eSCRIPT]... [-fFILE]... [FILE]...

Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: Arithmetic: + - * / % ^ ~ - divide
with remainder | - modular exponentiation v - square root p - print
top of the stack without popping f - print entire stack k - pop the
value and set precision i - pop the value and set input radix o -
pop the value and set output radix Examples: dc -e'2 2 + p' -> 4,
dc -e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' -> 16

dd dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N]
[seek=N] [conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
[iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct]
[oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]

Copy a file with converting and formatting

if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
obs=N Write N bytes at a time
count=N Copy only N input blocks
skip=N Skip N input blocks
seek=N Skip N output blocks
conv=notrunc Don't truncate output file
conv=noerror Continue after read errors
conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes
iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes
iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes
oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes
iflag=direct O_DIRECT input
oflag=direct O_DIRECT output
iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
oflag=append Open output in append mode
status=noxfer Suppress rate output
status=none Suppress all output

N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024),
MB, M, GB, G

diff
diff [-abBdiNqrTstw] [-L LABEL] [-S FILE] [-U LINES] FILE1 FILE2

Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
This implementation supports unified diffs only.

-a Treat all files as text
-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
-i Ignore case differences
-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
-N Treat absent files as empty
-q Output only whether files differ
-r Recurse
-S Start with FILE when comparing directories
-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
-s Report when two files are the same
-t Expand tabs to spaces in output
-U Output LINES lines of context
-w Ignore all whitespace

dirname
dirname FILENAME

Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

dmesg
dmesg [-cr] [-n LEVEL] [-s SIZE]

Print or control the kernel ring buffer

-c Clear ring buffer after printing
-n LEVEL Set console logging level
-s SIZE Buffer size
-r Print raw message buffer

dos2unix
dos2unix [-ud] [FILE]

Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.

-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos

du du [-aHLdclsxhmk] [FILE]...

Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)

-a Show file sizes too
-b Apparent size (including holes)
-L Follow all symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-d N Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
-c Show grand total
-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
-s Display only a total for each argument
-x Skip directories on different filesystems
-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G)
-m Sizes in megabytes
-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)

echo
echo [-neE] [ARG]...

Print ARGs to stdout

-n No trailing newline
-e Interpret backslash escapes (\t=tab etc)
-E Don't interpret backslash escapes (default)

ed ed [-p PROMPT] [-s] [FILE]

env env [-i0] [-u NAME]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [PROG ARGS]

Print current environment or run PROG after setting up environment

-, -i Start with empty environment
-0 NUL terminated output
-u NAME Remove variable from environment

envdir
envdir DIR PROG ARGS

Set various environment variables as specified by files in the
directory DIR, run PROG

expand
expand [-i] [-t N] [FILE]...

Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout

-i Don't convert tabs after non blanks
-t Tabstops every N chars

expr
expr EXPRESSION

Print the value of EXPRESSION

EXPRESSION may be:

ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
ARG1 = ARG2
ARG1 > ARG2
ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
ARG1 - ARG2
ARG1 * ARG2
ARG1 / ARG2
ARG1 % ARG2
STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1
index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
length STRING Length of STRING
quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
it is a keyword like 'match' or an
operator like '/'
(EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION

Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
\( and \) or null; if \( and \) are not used, they return the
number of characters matched or 0.

factor
factor [NUMBER]...

Print prime factors

fallocate
fallocate [-o OFS] -l LEN FILE

Preallocate space for FILE

-o OFS Offset of range
-l LEN Length of range

fdisk
fdisk [-ul] [-C CYLINDERS] [-H HEADS] [-S SECTORS] [-b SSZ] DISK

Change partition table

-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
-H HEADS Typically 255
-S SECTORS Typically 63

find
find [-HL] [PATH]... [OPTIONS] [ACTIONS]

Search for files and perform actions on them. First failed action
stops processing of current file. Defaults: PATH is current
directory, action is '-print'

-L,-follow Follow symlinks
-H ...on command line only
-xdev Don't descend directories on other filesystems
-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
actions to command line arguments only
-mindepth N Don't act on first N levels
-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it

Actions:

( ACTIONS ) Group actions for -o / -a
! ACT Invert ACT's success/failure
ACT1 [-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2
ACT1 -o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2
Note: -a has higher priority than -o
-name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN
-iname PATTERN Case insensitive -name
-path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN
-ipath PATTERN Case insensitive -path
-regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN
-type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p)
-executable File is executable
-perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (-MASK),
or exactly MASK bits are set in file's mode
-mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N days in the past
-atime DAYS atime +N/-N/N days in the past
-ctime DAYS ctime +N/-N/N days in the past
-mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N minutes in the past
-amin MINS atime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
-cmin MINS ctime +N/-N/N minutes in the past
-newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE's
-inum N File has inode number N
-samefile FILE File is same as FILE
-user NAME/ID File is owned by given user
-group NAME/ID File is owned by given group
-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
+/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
or exactly N
-empty Match empty file/directory
-prune If current file is directory, don't descend into it
If none of the following actions is specified, -print is assumed
-print Print file name
-print0 Print file name, NUL terminated
-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by
file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero
-exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names
-delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on -depth option
-quit Exit

findfs
findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid

Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID

flock
flock [-sxun] FD | { FILE [-c] PROG ARGS }

[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock FILE, run PROG

-s Shared lock
-x Exclusive lock (default)
-u Unlock FD
-n Fail rather than wait

fold
fold [-bs] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout

-b Count bytes rather than columns
-s Break at spaces
-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80

free
free [-bkmgh]

Display free and used memory

fstrim
fstrim [OPTIONS] MOUNTPOINT

-o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from
-l LEN Bytes to discard
-m MIN Minimum extent length
-v Print number of discarded bytes

fsync
fsync [-d] FILE...

Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk

-d Avoid syncing metadata

ftpd
ftpd [-wvS] [-t SEC] [-T SEC] [DIR]

Anonymous FTP server. Client access occurs under ftpd's UID.
Chroots to DIR, if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it. It is
an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 21 stream tcp nowait root
ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve Can be run from tcpsvd:

tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve

-w Allow upload
-v Log errors to stderr. -vv: verbose log
-S Log errors to syslog. -SS: verbose log
-t,-T N Idle and absolute timeout

ftpget
ftpget [OPTIONS] HOST [LOCAL_FILE] REMOTE_FILE

Download a file via FTP

-c Continue previous transfer
-v Verbose
-u USER Username
-p PASS Password
-P PORT

ftpput
ftpput [OPTIONS] HOST [REMOTE_FILE] LOCAL_FILE

Upload a file to a FTP server

-v Verbose
-u USER Username
-p PASS Password
-P PORT

fuser
fuser [-msk46] [-SIGNAL] FILE or PORT/PROTO

Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs

-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
-4,-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space
-s Don't display PIDs
-k Kill found processes
-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)

getopt
getopt [OPTIONS] [--] OPTSTRING PARAMS

-a Allow long options starting with single -
-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize
-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported
-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize
-q No error messages on unrecognized options
-Q No normal output
-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions
-T Version test (exits with 4)
-u Don't quote output

Example:

O=`getopt -l bb: -- ab:c:: "$@"` || exit 1 eval set -- "$O" while
true; do case "$1" in -a) echo A; shift;; -b|--bb) echo
"B:'$2'"; shift 2;; -c) case "$2" in "") echo C;
shift 2;; *) echo "C:'$2'"; shift 2;; esac;;
--) shift; break;; *) echo Error; exit 1;; esac
done

grep
grep [-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [-m N] [-A|B|C N] { PATTERN | -e PATTERN...
| -f FILE... } [FILE]...

Search for PATTERN in FILEs (or stdin)

-H Add 'filename:' prefix
-h Do not add 'filename:' prefix
-n Add 'line_no:' prefix
-l Show only names of files that match
-L Show only names of files that don't match
-c Show only count of matching lines
-o Show only the matching part of line
-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
-v Select non-matching lines
-s Suppress open and read errors
-r Recurse
-R Recurse and dereference symlinks
-i Ignore case
-w Match whole words only
-x Match whole lines only
-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
-E PATTERN is an extended regexp
-m N Match up to N times per file
-A N Print N lines of trailing context
-B N Print N lines of leading context
-C N Same as '-A N -B N'
-e PTRN Pattern to match
-f FILE Read pattern from file

groups
groups [USER]

Print the groups USER is in

gunzip
gunzip [-cfkt] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

gzip
gzip [-cfkdt123456789] [FILE]...

Compress FILEs (or stdin)

-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

hd hd FILE...

hd is an alias for hexdump -C

head
head [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin). With more than one FILE,
precede each with a filename header.

-n N[bkm] Print first N lines
-n -N[bkm] Print all except N last lines
-c [-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes
(b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
-q Never print headers
-v Always print headers

hexdump
hexdump [-bcdoxCv] [-e FMT] [-f FMT_FILE] [-n LEN] [-s OFS]
[FILE]...

Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format

-b 1-byte octal display
-c 1-byte character display
-d 2-byte decimal display
-o 2-byte octal display
-x 2-byte hex display
-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line
-v Show all (no dup folding)
-e FORMAT_STR Example: '16/1 "%02x|""\n"'
-f FORMAT_FILE
-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes

hexedit
hexedit FILE

Edit FILE in hexadecimal

hostname
hostname [-sidf] [HOSTNAME | -F FILE]

Show or set hostname or DNS domain name

-s Short
-i Addresses for the hostname
-d DNS domain name
-f Fully qualified domain name
-F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname

httpd
httpd [-ifv[v]] [-c CONFFILE] [-p [IP:]PORT] [-r REALM] [-h HOME]
or httpd -d/-e STRING

Listen for incoming HTTP requests

-i Inetd mode
-f Run in foreground
-v[v] Verbose
-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:8080)
-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
-h HOME Home directory (default .)
-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
-e STRING HTML encode STRING
-d STRING URL decode STRING

hwclock
hwclock [-swul] [--systz] [-f DEV]

Show or set hardware clock (RTC)

-s Set system time from RTC
-w Set RTC from system time
--systz Set in-kernel timezone, correct system time
if RTC is kept in local time
-f DEV Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
-u Assume RTC is kept in UTC
-l Assume RTC is kept in local time
(if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime)

id id [-ugGnr] [USER]

Print information about USER or the current user

-u User ID
-g Group ID
-G Supplementary group IDs
-n Print names instead of numbers
-r Print real ID instead of effective ID

ifconfig
ifconfig [-a] [IFACE] [ADDRESS]

Configure a network interface

[[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
[netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
[hw ether ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
[[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
[multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
[mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
[up|down] ...

inotifyd
inotifyd PROG FILE1[:MASK]...

Run PROG on filesystem changes. When a filesystem event matching
MASK occurs on FILEn, PROG ACTUAL_EVENTS FILEn [SUBFILE] is run.
If PROG is -, events are sent to stdout. Events:

a File is accessed
c File is modified
e Metadata changed
w Writable file is closed
0 Unwritable file is closed
r File is opened
D File is deleted
M File is moved
u Backing fs is unmounted
o Event queue overflowed
x File can't be watched anymore
If watching a directory:

y Subfile is moved into dir
m Subfile is moved out of dir
n Subfile is created
d Subfile is deleted

inotifyd waits for PROG to exit. When x event happens for all
FILEs, inotifyd exits.

install
install [-cdDsp] [-o USER] [-g GRP] [-m MODE] [-t DIR] [SOURCE]...
DEST

Copy files and set attributes

-c Just copy (default)
-d Create directories
-D Create leading target directories
-s Strip symbol table
-p Preserve date
-o USER Set ownership
-g GRP Set group ownership
-m MODE Set permissions
-t DIR Install to DIR

ionice
ionice [-c 1-3] [-n 0-7] [-t] { -p PID | PROG ARGS }

Change I/O priority and class

-c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
-n N Priority
-t Ignore errors

iostat
iostat [-c] [-d] [-t] [-z] [-k|-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [INTERVAL
[COUNT]]

Report CPU and I/O statistics

-c Show CPU utilization
-d Show device utilization
-t Print current time
-z Omit devices with no activity
-k Use kb/s
-m Use Mb/s

ip ip [OPTIONS] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [ARGS]

OPTIONS := -f[amily] inet|inet6|link | -o[neline]

ip addr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to
PREFIX] ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test
ROUTE ip link set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
[promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address
MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] ip tunnel
add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote ADDR]
[local ADDR] [ttl TTL] ip neigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV]
[nud STATE] ip rule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION

ipaddr
ipaddr add|del IFADDR dev IFACE | show|flush [dev IFACE] [to
PREFIX]

ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev IFACE [CONFFLAG-LIST] IFADDR
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX [broadcast ADDR|+|-]
[anycast ADDR] [label STRING] [scope SCOPE] PREFIX :=
ADDR[/MASK] SCOPE := [host|link|global|NUMBER] CONFFLAG-
LIST := [CONFFLAG-LIST] CONFFLAG CONFFLAG := [noprefixroute]
ipaddr show|flush [dev IFACE] [scope SCOPE] [to PREFIX] [label
PATTERN]

ipcalc
ipcalc [-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [NETMASK]

Calculate and display network settings from IP address

-b Broadcast address
-n Network address
-m Default netmask for IP
-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK
-h Resolved host name
-s No error messages

iplink
iplink set IFACE [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
[promisc on|off] [mtu NUM] [name NAME] [qlen NUM] [address
MAC] [master IFACE | nomaster] [netns PID] iplink add [link
IFACE] IFACE [address MAC] type TYPE [ARGS] iplink delete IFACE
type TYPE [ARGS] TYPE ARGS := vlan VLANARGS | vrf table NUM
VLANARGS := id VLANID [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr
on|off] [gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off]
iplink show [IFACE]

ipneigh
ipneigh show|flush [to PREFIX] [dev DEV] [nud STATE]

iproute
iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE

iproute list|flush SELECTOR SELECTOR := [root PREFIX] [match
PREFIX] [proto RTPROTO] PREFIX := default|ADDR[/MASK] iproute get
ADDR [from ADDR iif IFACE] [oif IFACE] [tos TOS] iproute
add|del|change|append|replace|test ROUTE ROUTE := NODE_SPEC
[INFO_SPEC] NODE_SPEC := PREFIX [table TABLE_ID] [proto RTPROTO]
[scope SCOPE] [metric METRIC] INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS NH :=
[via [inet|inet6] ADDR] [dev IFACE] [src ADDR] [onlink] OPTIONS
:= [mtu [lock] NUM] [advmss [lock] NUM]

iprule
iprule [list] | add|del SELECTOR ACTION

SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]]
[dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER]
ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR]
[prohibit|reject|unreachable]
[realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM]
TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER]

iptunnel
iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote
ADDR] [local ADDR] [ttl TTL]

iptunnel add|change|del|show [NAME] [mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote
ADDR] [local ADDR] [[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key KEY] [[i|o]csum] [ttl
TTL] [tos TOS] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev PHYS_DEV]

kill
kill [-l] [-SIG] PID...

Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

-l List all signal names and numbers

killall
killall [-lq] [-SIG] PROCESS_NAME...

Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

-l List all signal names and numbers
-q Don't complain if no processes were killed

killall5
killall5 [-l] [-SIG] [-o PID]...

Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current
session

-l List all signal names and numbers
-o PID Don't signal this PID

less
less [-EFIMmNSRh~] [FILE]...

View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen
-I Ignore case in all searches
-M,-m Display status line with line numbers
and percentage through the file
-N Prefix line number to each line
-S Truncate long lines
-R Remove color escape codes in input
-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF

link
link FILE LINK

Create hard LINK to FILE

ln ln [-sfnbtv] [-S SUF] TARGET... LINK|DIR

Create a link LINK or DIR/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
-f Remove existing destinations
-n Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR
-v Verbose

losetup
losetup [-rP] [-o OFS] {-f|LOOPDEV} FILE: associate loop devices
losetup -c LOOPDEV: reread file size losetup -d LOOPDEV:
disassociate losetup -a: show status losetup -f: show next free
loop device

-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
-P Scan for partitions
-r Read-only
-f Show/use next free loop device

ls ls [-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

List directory contents

-1 One column output
-a Include names starting with .
-A Like -a, but exclude . and ..
-x List by lines
-d List directory names, not contents
-L Follow symlinks
-H Follow symlinks on command line
-R Recurse
-p Append / to directory names
-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names
-l Long format
-i List inode numbers
-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
-s List allocated blocks
-lc List ctime
-lu List atime
--full-time List full date/time
-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
--group-directories-first
-S Sort by size
-X Sort by extension
-v Sort by version
-t Sort by mtime
-tc Sort by ctime
-tu Sort by atime
-r Reverse sort order
-w N Format N columns wide
--color[={always,never,auto}]

lsattr
lsattr [-Radlpv] [FILE]...

List ext2 file attributes

-R Recurse
-a Include names starting with .
-d List directory names, not contents
-l List long flag names
-p List project ID
-v List version/generation number

lsof
lsof

Show all open files

lspci
lspci [-mk]

List all PCI devices

-m Parsable output
-k Show driver

lzcat
lzcat [FILE]...

Decompress to stdout

lzma
lzma -d [-cfk] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

lzop
lzop [-cfUvd123456789CF] [FILE]...

-1..9 Compression level
-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-U Delete input files
-v Verbose
-F Don't store or verify checksum
-C Also write checksum of compressed block

lzopcat
lzopcat [-vF] [FILE]...

-v Verbose
-F Don't verify checksum

makemime
makemime [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs

-o FILE Output. Default: stdout
-a HDR Add header(s). Examples:
"From: [email protected]", "Date: `date -R`"
-c CT Content type. Default: application/octet-stream
-C CS Charset. Default: us-ascii

Other options are silently ignored

md5sum
md5sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

Print or check MD5 checksums

-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

mkdir
mkdir [-m MODE] [-p] DIRECTORY...

Create DIRECTORY

-m MODE Mode
-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

mkdosfs
mkdosfs [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

Make a FAT32 filesystem

-v Verbose
-n LBL Volume label

mke2fs
mke2fs [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
-F Force
-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
-L LBL Volume label
-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
-n Dry run

mkfifo
mkfifo [-m MODE] NAME

Create named pipe

-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)

mkfs.ext2
mkfs.ext2 [-Fn] [-b BLK_SIZE] [-i INODE_RATIO] [-I INODE_SIZE] [-m
RESERVED_PERCENT] [-L LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
-F Force
-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
-L LBL Volume label
-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
-n Dry run

mkfs.vfat
mkfs.vfat [-v] [-n LABEL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

Make a FAT32 filesystem

-v Verbose
-n LBL Volume label

mknod
mknod [-m MODE] NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]

Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
TYPE:
b Block device
c or u Character device
p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)

mkswap
mkswap [-L LBL] BLOCKDEV [KBYTES]

Prepare BLOCKDEV to be used as swap partition

-L LBL Label

mktemp
mktemp [-dt] [-p DIR] [TEMPLATE]

Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its
name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
Without TEMPLATE, -t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.

-d Make directory, not file
-q Fail silently on errors
-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies -t)
-u Do not create anything; print a name

Base directory is: -p DIR, else $TMPDIR, else
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/tmp

more
more [FILE]...

View FILE (or stdin) one screenful at a time

mount
mount [OPTIONS] [-o OPT] DEVICE NODE

Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.

-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
-f Dry run
-i Don't run mount helper
-v Verbose
-r Read-only mount
-t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s)
-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)
-o OPT:
loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
[a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
[no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
[no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
[no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
[no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
[no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
[no]suid (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
[r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
[r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
[r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
[un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
[r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location
move Relocate an existing mount point
remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
ro Same as -r

There are filesystem-specific -o flags.

mountpoint
mountpoint [-q] { [-dn] DIR | -x DEVICE }

Check if DIR is a mountpoint

-q Quiet
-d Print major:minor of the filesystem
-n Print device name of the filesystem
-x Print major:minor of DEVICE

mpstat
mpstat [-A] [-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [-u] [-P num|ALL] [INTERVAL
[COUNT]]

Per-processor statistics

-A Same as -I ALL -u -P ALL
-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics
-P num|ALL Processor to monitor
-u Report CPU utilization

mv mv [-finT] SOURCE DEST or: mv [-fin] SOURCE... { -t DIRECTORY |
DIRECTORY }

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCEs to DIRECTORY

-f Don't prompt before overwriting
-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
-n Don't overwrite an existing file
-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory
-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR

nc nc [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT [HOST]
[PORT] - listen

-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
-lk With -e, provides persistent server
-p PORT Local port
-s ADDR Local address
-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
-n Don't do DNS resolution
-u UDP mode
-b Allow broadcasts
-v Verbose
-o FILE Hex dump traffic
-z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)

netcat
netcat [OPTIONS] HOST PORT - connect nc [OPTIONS] -l -p PORT
[HOST] [PORT] - listen

-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
-lk With -e, provides persistent server
-p PORT Local port
-s ADDR Local address
-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
-n Don't do DNS resolution
-u UDP mode
-b Allow broadcasts
-v Verbose
-o FILE Hex dump traffic
-z Zero-I/O mode (scanning)

netstat
netstat [-ral] [-tuwx] [-enWp]

Display networking information

-r Routing table
-a All sockets
-l Listening sockets
Else: connected sockets
-t TCP sockets
-u UDP sockets
-w Raw sockets
-x Unix sockets
Else: all socket types
-e Other/more information
-n Don't resolve names
-W Wide display
-p Show PID/program name for sockets

nice
nice [-n ADJUST] [PROG ARGS]

Change scheduling priority, run PROG

-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST

nl nl [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added

-b STYLE Which lines to number - a: all, t: nonempty, n: none
-i N Line number increment
-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator
-v N Start from N
-w N Width of line numbers

nmeter
nmeter [-d MSEC] FORMAT_STRING

Monitor system in real time

-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:-1

Format specifiers:

%Nc or %[cN] CPU. N - bar size (default 10)
(displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
%[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE
%m Allocated memory
%[md] Dirty file-backed memory
%[mw] Memory being written to storage
%[mf] Free memory
%[mt] Total memory
%s Allocated swap
%f Number of used file descriptors
%Ni Total/specific IRQ rate
%x Context switch rate
%p Forks
%[pn] # of processes
%b Block io
%Nt Time (with N decimal points)
%NT Zero-based timestamp (with N decimal points)
%r Print instead of at EOL

nohup
nohup PROG ARGS

Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

nproc
nproc [--all] [--ignore=N]

Print number of available CPUs

--all Number of installed CPUs
--ignore=N Exclude N CPUs

nsenter
nsenter [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

-t PID Target process to get namespaces from
-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace
-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc)
-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace
-n[FILE] Enter network namespace
-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace
-U[FILE] Enter user namespace
-S UID Set uid in entered namespace
-G GID Set gid in entered namespace
--preserve-credentials Don't touch uids or gids
-r[DIR] Set root directory
-w[DIR] Set working directory
-F Don't fork before exec'ing PROG

od od [-abcdfhilovxs] [-t TYPE] [-A RADIX] [-N SIZE] [-j SKIP] [-S
MINSTR] [-w WIDTH] [FILE]...

Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default

paste
paste [-d LIST] [-s] [FILE]...

Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab

-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab
-s Serial: one file at a time

patch
patch [-RNE] [-p N] [-i DIFF] [ORIGFILE [PATCHFILE]]

-p N Strip N leading components from file names
-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
-R Reverse patch
-N Ignore already applied patches
-E Remove output files if they become empty
--dry-run Don't actually change files

pgrep
pgrep [-flanovx] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

-l Show command name too
-a Show command line too
-f Match against entire command line
-n Show the newest process only
-o Show the oldest process only
-v Negate the match
-x Match whole name (not substring)
-s Match session ID (0 for current)
-P Match parent process ID

pidof
pidof [-s] [-o PID] [NAME]...

List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

-s Show only one PID
-o PID Omit given pid
Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

ping
ping [OPTIONS] HOST

Send ICMP ECHO_REQUESTs to HOST

-c CNT Send only CNT pings
-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
-i SECS Interval
-A Ping as soon as reply is received
-t TTL Set TTL
-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
(after all -c CNT packets are sent)
-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
(can exit earlier with -c CNT)
-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish
-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern

pivot_root
pivot_root NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD

Move the current root file system to PUT_OLD and make NEW_ROOT the
new root file system

pkill
pkill [-l|-SIGNAL] [-xfvnoe] [-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN]

Send signal to processes selected by regex PATTERN

-l List all signals
-x Match whole name (not substring)
-f Match against entire command line
-s SID Match session ID (0 for current)
-P PPID Match parent process ID
-v Negate the match
-n Signal the newest process only
-o Signal the oldest process only
-e Display name and PID of the process being killed

pmap
pmap [-xq] PID...

Display process memory usage

-x Show details
-q Quiet

popmaildir
popmaildir [OPTIONS] MAILDIR [CONN_HELPER ARGS]

Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir

-s Skip authorization
-T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR
-k Keep retrieved messages on the server
-t SEC Network timeout
-F 'PROG ARGS' Filter program (may be repeated)
-M 'PROG ARGS' Delivery program

Fetch from plain POP3 server: popmaildir -k DIR nc pop3.server.com
110 <user_and_pass.txt Fetch from SSLed POP3 server and delete
fetched emails: popmaildir DIR -- openssl s_client -quiet -connect
pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt

printenv
printenv [VARIABLE]...

Print environment VARIABLEs. If no VARIABLE specified, print all.

printf
printf FORMAT [ARG]...

Format and print ARG(s) according to FORMAT (a-la C printf)

ps ps [-o COL1,COL2=HEADER] [-T]

Show list of processes

-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display
-T Show threads

pscan
pscan [-cb] [-p MIN_PORT] [-P MAX_PORT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-T MIN_RTT]
HOST

Scan HOST, print all open ports

-c Show closed ports too
-b Show blocked ports too
-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1)
-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024)
-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms)
-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)

pstree
pstree [-p] [PID|USER]

Display process tree, optionally start from USER or PID

-p Show pids

pwd pwd

Print the full filename of the current working directory

pwdx
pwdx PID...

Show current directory for PIDs

rdate
rdate [-s/-p] HOST

Set and print time from HOST using RFC 868

-s Only set system time
-p Only print time

readlink
readlink [-fnv] FILE

Display the value of a symlink

-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
-n Don't add newline
-v Verbose

realpath
realpath FILE...

Print absolute pathnames of FILEs

reformime
reformime [OPTIONS]

Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin

-x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files
-X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG
Must be the last option

Other options are silently ignored

renice
renice [-n] PRIORITY [[-p|g|u] ID...]...

Change scheduling priority of a running process

-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value
Without -n, nice value is set to PRIORITY
-p Process ids (default)
-g Process group ids
-u Process user names

reset
reset

Reset terminal (ESC codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo)

resize
resize

Resize the screen

rev rev [FILE]...

Reverse lines of FILE

rfkill
rfkill COMMAND [INDEX|TYPE]

Enable/disable wireless devices

Commands:

list [INDEX|TYPE] List current state
block INDEX|TYPE Disable device
unblock INDEX|TYPE Enable device

TYPE: all, wlan(wifi), bluetooth, uwb(ultrawideband),
wimax, wwan, gps, fm

rm rm [-irf] FILE...

Remove (unlink) FILEs

-i Always prompt before removing
-f Never prompt
-R,-r Recurse

rmdir
rmdir [-p] DIRECTORY...

Remove DIRECTORY if it is empty

-p Include parents
--ignore-fail-on-non-empty

route
route [-ne] [{add|del} [-net|-host] TARGET [netmask MASK] [gw
GATEWAY] [metric N] [mss BYTES] [window BYTES] [reject] [IFACE]]

Show or edit kernel routing tables

-n Don't resolve names
-e Display other/more information
-A inet Select address family

run-parts
run-parts [-a ARG]... [-u UMASK] [--reverse] [--test]
[--exit-on-error] [--list] DIRECTORY

Run a bunch of scripts in DIRECTORY

-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts
-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts
--reverse Reverse execution order
--test Dry run
--exit-on-error Exit if a script exits with non-zero
--list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable

runsv
runsv DIR

Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service

runsvdir
runsvdir [-P] [-s SCRIPT] DIR

Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart
it.

-P Put each runsv in a new session
-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT after signal is processed

rx rx FILE

Receive a file using the xmodem protocol

script
script [-afq] [-t[FILE]] [-c PROG] [OUTFILE]

Default OUTFILE is 'typescript'

-a Append output
-c PROG Run PROG, not shell
-q Quiet
-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE

scriptreplay
scriptreplay TIMINGFILE [TYPESCRIPT [DIVISOR]]

Play back typescripts, using timing information

sed sed [-i[SFX]] [-nrE] [-f FILE]... [-e CMD]... [FILE]... or: sed
[-i[SFX]] [-nrE] CMD [FILE]...

-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
-i[SFX] Edit files in-place (otherwise write to stdout)
Optionally back files up, appending SFX
-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-r,-E Use extended regex syntax

If no -e or -f, the first non-option argument is the sed command
string. Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).

sendmail
sendmail [-tv] [-f SENDER] [-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | -auUSER
-apPASS] [-w SECS] [-H 'PROG ARGS' | -S HOST]
[RECIPIENT_EMAIL]...

Read email from stdin and send it

Standard options:

-t Read additional recipients from message body
-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:. Can be empty string
Default: -auUSER, or username of current UID
-o OPTIONS Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored
-i -oi synonym, implied and ignored

Busybox specific options:

-v Verbose
-w SECS Network timeout
-H 'PROG ARGS' Run connection helper. Examples:
openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp -connect smtp.gmail.com:25
openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -connect smtp.gmail.com:465
$SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect
-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1)
-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN
-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN
(-amCRAM-MD5 not supported)
-auUSER Username for AUTH
-apPASS Password for AUTH

If no -a options are given, authentication is not done. If
-amLOGIN is given but no -au/-ap, user/password is read from fd #4.
Other options are silently ignored; -oi is implied. Use makemime
to create emails with attachments.

seq seq [-w] [-s SEP] [FIRST [INC]] LAST

Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC
default to 1.

-w Pad to last with leading zeros
-s SEP String separator

setarch
setarch PERSONALITY [-R] PROG ARGS

PERSONALITY may be:

linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation

-R Disable address space randomization

setsid
setsid [-c] PROG ARGS

Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal
and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).

-c Set controlling terminal to stdin

setuidgid
setuidgid USER PROG ARGS

Set uid and gid to USER's uid and gid, drop supplementary group
ids, run PROG

sh sh [-il] [-|+Cabefmnuvx] [-|+o OPT]... [-c 'SCRIPT' [ARG0 ARGS] |
FILE ARGS | -s ARGS]

Unix shell interpreter

sha1sum
sha1sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

Print or check SHA1 checksums

-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

sha256sum
sha256sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

Print or check SHA256 checksums

-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

sha3sum
sha3sum [-c[sw]] [-a BITS] [FILE]...

Print or check SHA3 checksums

-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512

sha512sum
sha512sum [-c[sw]] [FILE]...

Print or check SHA512 checksums

-c Check sums against list in FILEs
-s Don't output anything, status code shows success
-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

shred
shred [-fuz] [-n N] [-s SIZE] FILE...

Overwrite/delete FILEs

-f Chmod to ensure writability
-s SIZE Size to write
-n N Overwrite N times (default 3)
-z Final overwrite with zeros
-u Remove file

shuf
shuf [-n NUM] [-o FILE] [-z] [FILE | -e [ARG...] | -i L-H]

Randomly permute lines

-n NUM Output at most NUM lines
-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output
-z NUL terminated output
-e Treat ARGs as lines
-i L-H Treat numbers L-H as lines

sleep
sleep [N]...

Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each
arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours,
or (d)ays

smemcap
smemcap >SMEMDATA.TAR

Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout

softlimit
softlimit [-a BYTES] [-m BYTES] [-d BYTES] [-s BYTES] [-l BYTES]
[-f BYTES] [-c BYTES] [-r BYTES] [-o N] [-p N] [-t N] PROG
ARGS

Set soft resource limits, then run PROG

-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments
-m BYTES Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
-d BYTES Limit data segment
-s BYTES Limit stack segment
-l BYTES Limit locked memory size
-o N Limit number of open files per process
-p N Limit number of processes per uid
Options controlling file sizes:

-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
-c BYTES Limit core file size
Efficiency opts:

-r BYTES Limit resident set size
-t N Limit CPU time, process receives
a SIGXCPU after N seconds

sort
sort [-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [-o FILE] [-k
START[.OFS][OPTS][,END[.OFS][OPTS]] [-t CHAR] [FILE]...

Sort lines of text

-o FILE Output to FILE
-c Check whether input is sorted
-b Ignore leading blanks
-f Ignore case
-i Ignore unprintable characters
-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
-n Sort numbers
-g General numerical sort
-h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G)
-M Sort month
-V Sort version
-t CHAR Field separator
-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field
-r Reverse sort order
-s Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
-u Suppress duplicate lines
-z NUL terminated input and output

split
split [OPTIONS] [INPUT [PREFIX]]

-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes
-l N Split by N lines
-a N Use N letters as suffix

start-stop-daemon
start-stop-daemon [OPTIONS] [-S|-K] ... [-- ARGS...]

Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching
processes -S: start a process unless a matching process is found

Process matching:

-u USERNAME|UID Match only this user's processes
-n NAME Match processes with NAME
in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
-x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
in /proc/PID/cmdline
-p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE
All specified conditions must match
-S only:
-x EXECUTABLE Program to run
-a NAME Zeroth argument
-b Background
-N N Change nice level
-c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group
-m Write PID to pidfile specified by -p
-K only:
-s SIG Signal to send
-t Match only, exit with 0 if found
Other:

-o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
-v Verbose
-q Quiet

stat
stat [-ltf] [-c FMT] FILE...

Display file (default) or filesystem status

-c FMT Use the specified format
-f Display filesystem status
-L Follow links
-t Terse display

FMT sequences for files:

%a Access rights in octal
%A Access rights in human readable form
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
%B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b
%d Device number in decimal
%D Device number in hex
%f Raw mode in hex
%F File type
%g Group ID
%G Group name
%h Number of hard links
%i Inode number
%n File name
%N File name, with -> TARGET if symlink
%o I/O block size
%s Total size in bytes
%t Major device type in hex
%T Minor device type in hex
%u User ID
%U User name
%x Time of last access
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
%y Time of last modification
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
%z Time of last change
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch

FMT sequences for file systems:

%a Free blocks available to non-superuser
%b Total data blocks
%c Total file nodes
%d Free file nodes
%f Free blocks
%i File System ID in hex
%l Maximum length of filenames
%n File name
%s Block size (for faster transfer)
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
%t Type in hex
%T Type in human readable form

strings
strings [-fo] [-t o|d|x] [-n LEN] [FILE]...

Display printable strings in a binary file

-f Precede strings with filenames
-o Precede strings with octal offsets
-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16
-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)

stty
stty [-a|g] [-F DEVICE] [SETTING]...

Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and
deviations from stty sane

-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
-a Print all current settings in human-readable form
-g Print in stty-readable form
[SETTING] See manpage

sum sum [-rs] [FILE]...

Checksum and count the blocks in a file

-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)

sv sv [-v] [-w SEC] CMD SERVICE_DIR...

Control services monitored by runsv supervisor. Commands (only
first character is enough):

status: query service status up: if service isn't running, start
it. If service stops, restart it once: like 'up', but if service
stops, don't restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run
exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, don't
restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log
service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm,
interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT,
QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service

svlogd
svlogd [-tttv] [-r C] [-R CHARS] [-l MATCHLEN] [-b BUFLEN] DIR...

Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs

-r C Replace non-printable characters with C
-R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _)
-t Timestamp with @tai64n
-tt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss
-ttt Timestamp with yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss
-v Verbose

DIR/config file modifies behavior: sSIZE - when to rotate logs
(default 1000000, 0 disables) nNUM - number of files to retain
!PROG - process rotated log with PROG +,-PATTERN - (de)select line
for logging E,ePATTERN - (de)select line for stderr

switch_root
switch_root [-c CONSOLE_DEV] NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT [ARGS]

Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:

chroot to NEW_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW_ROOT to /, execute
NEW_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW_ROOT must be a mountpoint.

-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch

sync
sync

Write all buffered blocks to disk

sysctl
sysctl [-enq] { -a | -p [FILE]... | [-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... }

Show/set kernel parameters

-e Don't warn about unknown keys
-n Don't show key names
-q Quiet
-a Show all values
-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
-w Set values

tac tac [FILE]...

Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse

tail
tail [OPTIONS] [FILE]...

Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to. With more than one
FILE, precede each with a filename header.

-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes
-n N[bkm] Print last N lines
-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest
(b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
-q Never print headers
-v Always print headers
-f Print data as file grows
-F Same as -f, but keep retrying
-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with -f

tar tar c|x|t [-ZzJjahmvokO] [-f TARFILE] [-C DIR] [-T FILE] [-X FILE]
[LONGOPT]... [FILE]...

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

c Create
x Extract
t List
-f FILE Name of TARFILE ('-' for stdin/out)
-C DIR Change to DIR before operation
-v Verbose
-O Extract to stdout
-m Don't restore mtime
-o Don't restore user:group
-k Don't replace existing files
-Z (De)compress using compress
-z (De)compress using gzip
-J (De)compress using xz
-j (De)compress using bzip2
--lzma (De)compress using lzma
-a (De)compress based on extension
-h Follow symlinks
-T FILE File with names to include
-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude
--exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude
--overwrite Replace existing files
--strip-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip
--no-recursion Don't descend in directories
--numeric-owner Use numeric user:group
--no-same-permissions Don't restore access permissions
--to-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND

tc tc OBJECT CMD [dev STRING]

OBJECT: qdisc|class|filter CMD: add|del|change|replace|show

qdisc [handle QHANDLE] [root|ingress|parent CLASSID]
[[QDISC_KIND] [help|OPTIONS]] QDISC_KIND :=
[p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc. qdisc show [dev STRING] [ingress]
class [classid CLASSID] [root|parent CLASSID] [[QDISC_KIND]
[help|OPTIONS] ] class show [ dev STRING ] [root|parent CLASSID]
filter [pref PRIO] [protocol PROTO] [root|classid CLASSID]
[handle FILTERID] [[FILTER_TYPE] [help|OPTIONS]] filter show [dev
STRING] [root|parent CLASSID]

tcpsvd
tcpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-C N[:MSG]] [-b N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP
PORT PROG

Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming
connections. Run PROG for each connection.

IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on
PROG ARGS Program to run
-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30)
-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20)
-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP:
new connections from this IP address are closed
immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close
-E Don't set up environment
-h Look up peer's hostname
-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS)
-v Verbose

Environment if no -E: PROTO='TCP' TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port'
TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port' TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination
before firewall Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections:
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT
--to 8080 TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip If -h:
TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is used if specified)
TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname'

tee tee [-ai] [FILE]...

Copy stdin to each FILE, and also to stdout

-a Append to the given FILEs, don't overwrite
-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

telnet
telnet [-a] [-l USER] HOST [PORT]

Connect to telnet server

-a Automatic login with $USER variable
-l USER Automatic login as USER

telnetd
telnetd [OPTIONS]

Handle incoming telnet connections

-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /data/data/com.termux/files/usr/etc/issue.net
-K Close connection as soon as login exits
(normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
-p PORT Port to listen on. Default 8023
-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to
-F Run in foreground
-i Inetd mode

tftp
tftp [OPTIONS] HOST [PORT]

Transfer a file from/to tftp server

-l FILE Local FILE
-r FILE Remote FILE
-g Get file
-p Put file
-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes

tftpd
tftpd [-crl] [-u USER] [DIR]

Transfer a file on tftp client's request

tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line: 69 dgram udp nowait
root tftpd tftpd -l /files/to/serve Can be run from udpsvd:

udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve

-r Prohibit upload
-c Allow file creation via upload
-u USER Access files as USER
-l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)

time
time [-vpa] [-o FILE] PROG ARGS

Run PROG, display resource usage when it exits

-v Verbose
-p POSIX output format
-f FMT Custom format
-o FILE Write result to FILE
-a Append (else overwrite)

timeout
timeout [-s SIG] [-k KILL_SECS] SECS PROG ARGS

Run PROG. Send SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds.
Default SIG: TERM.If it still exists in KILL_SECS seconds, send
KILL.

top top [-bmH] [-n COUNT] [-d SECONDS]

Show a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of
all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show a screenful of them.
Keys:

N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
S: show memory
R: reverse sort
H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP
Q,^C: exit
Options:

-b Batch mode
-n N Exit after N iterations
-d SEC Delay between updates
-m Same as 's' key
-H Show threads

touch
touch [-cham] [-d DATE] [-t DATE] [-r FILE] FILE...

Update mtime of FILEs

-c Don't create files
-h Don't follow links
-a Change only atime
-m Change only mtime
-d DT Date/time to use
-t DT Date/time to use
-r FILE Use FILE's date/time

tr tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2]

Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to
stdout

-c Take complement of STRING1
-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

traceroute
traceroute [-IFlnrv] [-f 1ST_TTL] [-m MAXTTL] [-q PROBES] [-p PORT]
[-t TOS] [-w WAIT_SEC] [-s SRC_IP] [-i IFACE] [-z
PAUSE_MSEC] HOST [BYTES]

Trace the route to HOST

-F Set don't fragment bit
-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
-l Display TTL value of the returned packet
-n Print numeric addresses
-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
-v Verbose
-f N First number of hops (default 1)
-m N Max number of hops
-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
(default 33434)
-s IP Source address
-i IFACE Source interface
-t N Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3)
-z MSEC Wait before each send

truncate
truncate [-c] -s SIZE FILE...

Truncate FILEs to SIZE

-c Do not create files
-s SIZE

tsort
tsort [FILE]

Topological sort

tty tty

Print file name of stdin's terminal

ttysize
ttysize [w] [h]

Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24

tunctl
tunctl [-f DEVICE] [-t NAME | -d NAME] [-u USER] [-g GRP] [-b]

Create or delete TUN/TAP interfaces

-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun)
-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN)
-d NAME Delete iface
-u USER Set iface owner
-g GRP Set iface group
-b Brief output

tune2fs
tune2fs [-c MAX_MOUNT_COUNT] [-i DAYS] [-C MOUNT_COUNT] [-L LABEL]
BLOCKDEV

Adjust filesystem options on ext[23] filesystems

udpsvd
udpsvd [-hEv] [-c N] [-u USER] [-l NAME] IP PORT PROG

Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets.
Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same
peer ip:port to it.

IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on
PROG ARGS Program to run
-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30)
-E Don't set up environment
-h Look up peer's hostname
-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS)
-v Verbose

Environment if no -E: PROTO='UDP' UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port'
UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port' If -h: UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (-l NAME is
used if specified) UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname'

umount
umount [-rlfd] [-t FSTYPE] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

Unmount filesystems

-r Remount devices read-only if mount is busy
-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
-d Free loop device if it has been used
-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)

uname
uname [-amnrspvio]

Print system information

-a Print all
-m Machine (hardware) type
-n Hostname
-r Kernel release
-s Kernel name (default)
-p Processor type
-v Kernel version
-i Hardware platform
-o OS name

uncompress
uncompress [-cf] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-c Write to stdout
-f Overwrite

unexpand
unexpand [-fa][-t N] [FILE]...

Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout

-a Convert all blanks
-f Convert only leading blanks
-t N Tabstops every N chars

uniq
uniq [-cduiz] [-f,s,w N] [FILE [OUTFILE]]

Discard duplicate lines

-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
-d Only print duplicate lines
-u Only print unique lines
-i Ignore case
-z NUL terminated output
-f N Skip first N fields
-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
-w N Compare N characters in line

unix2dos
unix2dos [-ud] [FILE]

Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is
given, use stdin/stdout.

-u dos2unix
-d unix2dos

unlink
unlink FILE

Delete FILE by calling unlink()

unlzma
unlzma [-cfk] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

unlzop
unlzop [-cfUvF] [FILE]...

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-U Delete input files
-t Test integrity
-v Verbose
-F Don't verify checksum

unshare
unshare [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

-m,--mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace
-u,--uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.)
-i,--ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace
-n,--net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace
-p,--pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace
-U,--user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace
-f Fork before execing PROG
-r Map current user to root (implies -U)
--mount-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies -m)
--propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged
Modify mount propagation in mount namespace
--setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces

unxz
unxz [-cfk] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

unzip
unzip [-lnojpqK] FILE[.zip] [FILE]... [-x FILE]... [-d DIR]

Extract FILEs from ZIP archive

-l List contents (with -q for short form)
-n Never overwrite files (default: ask)
-o Overwrite
-j Do not restore paths
-p Write to stdout
-t Test
-q Quiet
-K Do not clear SUID bit
-x FILE Exclude FILEs
-d DIR Extract into DIR

uptime
uptime

Display the time since the last boot

usleep
usleep N

Pause for N microseconds

uudecode
uudecode [-o OUTFILE] [INFILE]

Uudecode a file Finds OUTFILE in uuencoded source unless -o is
given

uuencode
uuencode [-m] [FILE] STORED_FILENAME

Uuencode FILE (or stdin) to stdout

-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521

vconfig
vconfig COMMAND [OPTIONS]

Create and remove virtual ethernet devices

add IFACE VLAN_ID
rem VLAN_NAME
set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS
set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
set_name_type NAME_TYPE

vi vi [-c CMD] [-R] [-H] [FILE]...

Edit FILE

-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available)
-R Read-only
-H List available features

watch
watch [-n SEC] [-t] PROG ARGS

Run PROG periodically

-n SEC Period (default 2)
-t Don't print header

wc wc [-cmlwL] [FILE]...

Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)

-c Count bytes
-m Count characters
-l Count newlines
-w Count words
-L Print longest line length

wget
wget [-cqS] [--spider] [-O FILE] [-o LOGFILE] [--header STR]
[--post-data STR | --post-file FILE] [-Y on/off] [-P DIR] [-U
AGENT] [-T SEC] URL...

Retrieve files via HTTP or FTP

--spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists
--header STR Add STR (of form 'header: value') to headers
--post-data STR Send STR using POST method
--post-file FILE Send FILE using POST method
-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
-q Quiet
-P DIR Save to DIR (default .)
-S Show server response
-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds
-O FILE Save to FILE ('-' for stdout)
-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE
-U STR Use STR for User-Agent header
-Y on/off Use proxy

which
which [-a] COMMAND...

Locate COMMAND

-a Show all matches

whoami
whoami

Print the user name associated with the current effective user id

whois
whois [-i] [-h SERVER] [-p PORT] NAME...

Query WHOIS info about NAME

-i Show redirect results too
-h,-p Server to query

xargs
xargs [OPTIONS] [PROG ARGS]

Run PROG on every item given by stdin

-0 NUL terminated input
-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
-o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty
-r Don't run command if input is empty
-t Print the command on stderr before execution
-p Ask user whether to run each command
-E STR,-e[STR] STR stops input processing
-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line
-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel
-x Exit if size is exceeded

xxd xxd [-pri] [-g N] [-c N] [-l LEN] [-s OFS] [-o OFS] [FILE]

Hex dump FILE (or stdin)

-g N Bytes per group
-c N Bytes per line
-p Show only hex bytes, assumes -c30
-i C include file style
-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset
-r Reverse (with -p, assumes no offsets in input)

xz xz -d [-cfk] [FILE]...

Decompress FILEs (or stdin)

-d Decompress
-c Write to stdout
-f Force
-k Keep input files
-t Test integrity

xzcat
xzcat [FILE]...

Decompress to stdout

yes yes [STRING]

Repeatedly print a line with STRING, or 'y'

zcat
zcat [FILE]...

Decompress to stdout

LIBC NSS
GNU Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the
behavior of the C library for the local environment, and to configure
how it reads system data, such as passwords and group information.
This is implemented using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and
using one or more of the /lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to
avoid using any libc calls that make use of NSS. Some applets however,
such as login and su, will use libc functions that require NSS.

If you enable CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP, BusyBox will use internal
functions to directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and
/etc/shadow files without using NSS. This may allow you to run your
system without the need for installing any of the NSS configuration
files and libraries.

When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly
require that you install at least some of the glibc NSS stuff (in
particular, /etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*,
and /lib/libresolv*).

Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as
uClibc. In addition to making your system significantly smaller,
uClibc does not require the use of any NSS support files or libraries.

MAINTAINER
Denis Vlasenko

AUTHORS
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know
it or not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should
probably be listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory.
If you should be listed here, or the description of what you have done
needs more detail, or is incorrect, please send in an update.

Emanuele Aina

run-parts

Erik Andersen

Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
nobody is going to actually read.

Laurence Anderson

rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm

Jeff Angielski

ftpput, ftpget

Edward Betts

expr, hostid, logname, whoami

John Beppu

du, nslookup, sort

Brian Candler